婴幼儿喘息的病因及相关危险因素分析

Etiology and risk factors of infantile wheezing

目的调查婴幼儿喘息的病因及相关危险因素。方法回顾性复习180例喘息婴幼儿的临床资料,采用logistic回归分析调查喘息发作的危险因素。结果病因分布中由病毒诱发的喘息占33.3%,哮喘占19.4%,支原体感染占6.7%,胃食道反流占12.8%,支气管肺发育畸形占4.4%,早产占7.8%,父母吸烟以及特殊环境占15.6%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,父母过敏史、患儿食物以及吸入变应原致敏、病毒感染、支原体感染、早产、特殊环境等7个因素最终进入主效应模型,与喘息发作有显著相关性。结论婴幼儿喘息发作以病毒诱发为主,哮喘的比例也相对较高,遗传因素、自身特应性、环境因素与喘息发作密切相关。

Objective To study the etiology and risk factors of infantile wheezing.Methods The clinical data of 180 infants with wheezing were retrospectively studied.The risk factors for wheezing attacks were investigated by logistic regression analysis. Results Viral infection（33.3%） was the most common cause for wheezing attacks,followed by asthma（19.4%）,parental smoking and special environments（15.6%）,gastroesophageal reflux disease（12.8%）,premature delivery（7.8%）,Mycoplasma infection（6.7%）,and bronchopulmonary dysplasia（4.4%）.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed 7 factors that significantly correlated with wheezing attacks： allergic history of parents,sensitization to alimentary or inspiratory allergens,viral or Mycoplasma infection,premature delivery and special environments. Conclusions The commonest cause of infantile wheezing is viral infection,followed by asthma.Genetic factors,individual atopic constitution and environmental factors play important roles in wheezing attacks.