“高于现实”与“低于现实”——评析两种现实主义文艺价值论

"Ahead of Reality" and "Behind Reality"——An Analysis of the Two Kinds of Value Theoriesabout Realist Literature and Art

现实主义的文艺"低于现实"论和"高于现实"论虽然尖锐对立,却不可论孰是孰非。这在于文艺本身不是什么可以普遍认同或经由实践能够证明的"客观事实"。由此可知,诸凡关于文艺的见解和理论皆无关于真理,不属于建立于客观事实之上的科学性"认识",而是从一定主观立场出发做出的观念"宣扬"。从而不存在放之四海而皆准的文艺科学,只有关于或为着一定时代之一定人群的文艺理论。

Theories of ＂behind realism＂ and ＂ahead of realism＂ of the realist literature and art are tit-for-tat, but it is hard to comment which is right. The phenomenon is not recognized by all or is not ＂objective fact＂ proved by practice. Thus, all the ideas and theories about the literature and art cannot be regarded as truth and scientific ＂recognition＂ based on the objective facts, but are a kind of ＂advocate＂ of some notions originating in certain subjective standpoint. In a word, there exists no literary and artistic science which is applicable everywhere, but there does only the theory of literature and art about or for a certain group of people of a certain time.