“理欲之辩”的近代价值嬗变——以康有为“理欲观”为中心的考察

The Value of "Argument for the Rational Desire" Transformation in Modern China:An Examination with the Concept of "Argument for the Rational Desire" from Kang Youwei

康有为提出"天欲人理"说对宋儒"天理人欲"说给予反驳,在新的历史时期对传统"理欲之辩"做出新的诠释表征了近代价值观的变革。康有为对欲望的肯定是建立在价值观变革和现代化进程双层基础之上的:一方面,从价值观变革来看,针对宋明儒学过度压制人的感性欲望,康有为高度肯定了人的欲望的合理性,其近代启蒙意义不能抹杀;另一方面,从现实生活来说,近代工业化与现代化进程中的物质进步为享乐主义和消费主义提供了可能性。康有为对欲望的无限追求有其局限性,人的欲望无限膨胀会破坏人与自然、人与社会、人与自身关系的和谐,导致彼此间的紧张和冲突,而化解这种紧张并非靠康氏的"仁"之德性所能解决。

Kang raised the ＂natural desire and personal reason＂ to contradict the ＂natural reason and personal desire＂ of Confucian in Song Dynasty. , in the new historical period to identify new interpretation of the ＂Argument for the Rational Desire＂, it showed the values change in modern period. Kang Youwei confirmed the desire which were based on value change and modernization process. For values changing, Kang Youwei confirmed the rational desire because Confucianism in Song and Ming highly suppressed human＇s perceptional desire. Its modern significance could not be ignored; on the other hand, in reality, the industrialization and modernization of the progress of the hedonism provided the possibility of the infinite. Kang had his limitation to pursue the desire , and the infinite expansion of person＇ s desire destroyed the relationship of harmony between the man and nature, man and society, man and man, which caused the tension and conflict, the tension could not be dissolved by Kang Youwei＇ s ＂benevolence＂.