《武成》历日解析

ANALYSIS ON DATES IN WUCHENG

全面分析月相术语、《武成》历日和武王代纣年代的关系。以生霸望一死霸朔、生霸上弦-死霸下弦和生霸月初-死霸望后三种月相说为例，分析了《武成》月相历日。加以岁在鹑火、日在析本的条件，得到克商的首选日期分别在公元前１０７０年、公元前１０７１年和公元前１０４６年。文章得到的一系列中间结果可供历史学家在综合各方面信息时作参考。

There is a series of dates with month, sexagesimal day and lunar phase in theancient archieve Wucheng. These dates are important clues to determine the time of KingWu's punitive expedition against King Zhou. Because the lunar phases were written in oldterms, the dates are unsolved puzzles. In this paper, we try to make a comprehensive analysison the relationship among terms of lunar phases. For examples, we discuss three main hypotheses: 1) Shengba for full moon, Siba for new moon; 2) Shengba for first quarter, Sibafor last quarter; 3) Shengba for the day when new moon is just seen, Siba for the day whenfull moon begins to be deficient. We analyze how to get proper time of King Wu's expeditiondepends on those lunar phase hypotheses. Among other astronomical records about this historical event were 'Jupiter was in constellation Chunhuo' and 'the Sun was in constellationXimu'. Considering all such information, we choose 1070 BC, 1071 BC and 1046 BC as theyears of King Wu's expedition, respectively for the lunar hypotheses 1, 2 and 3. The wholeprocess and middle results of the analysis are useful references for historians to solve this important historical problem.