水肥互作对大豆生理特性、根瘤固氮及产量的影响

Effect of Water-Fertilizer Interaction on Physiological Characteristics,Nitrogen Fixation and Yield of Soybean

在盆栽条件下,探讨了水肥互作对大豆部分生理性状、根瘤固氮及产量的影响。结果表明:肥料的施用及充足的土壤含水量有利于提高植株叶面积指数、根及地上部生物量,干旱(W1)及无肥(F0)条件限制了叶面积、根及地上部生物量的形成。相同水分条件下,未施肥处理(F0)根瘤数优于施肥处理(F1),土壤干旱(W1)限制了根瘤的形成与生物量的累积。大豆叶面积指数、地上部生物量、单株/单个根瘤重均以处理W3F1最优;叶面积指数、地上/地下部生物量以处理W1F0值最低。收获后各处理茎秆、荚皮、籽粒产量均以处理W2F1最优,W1F0值最低。土壤水分、肥料以及二者互作对大豆茎秆、荚皮及籽粒产量的影响均达到显著差异水平。

Soybean yield are sensitive to soil moisture at flowering-podding growth stage（R1-R5）.Fertilizer application may enhance the effect of soil moisture on yield of soybean,but few reports had focused on it.In this study,pot-experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of water-fertilizer coupling on physiological characteristics,nitrogen fixation by root nodules and yield of soybean.Three moisture levels and two fertilizer application levels were included in this experiment.The results showed that sufficient soil moisture and a certain amount of chemical fertilizer application enhanced the leaf area index,root and shoot biomass.Both drought（W1） and no fertilizer（F0） treatments reduced the leaf area index,root and shoot biomass.The root nodule number of no fertilizer treatments（F0） was superior to fertilizer applied treatments（F1） under the same soil water content condition.Root nodule formulation and biomass accumulation were limited under drought condition（W1）.W3F1 treatment had the highest LAI,shoot biomass,nodule biomass per plant and biomass per nodule while W1F0 had the lowest LAI,root biomass and shoot biomass.After harvest,the combinations with the optimal and lowest seed yield,stem/leaf biomass of all treatments were W2F1 and W1F0,respectively.Soil moisture,fertilizer and water-fertilizer interaction had positively effects on stem/pod and seed yield of soybean.