丁鱥鱼胚胎及仔鱼发育的观察

Observations on embryonic and larvae development in Tinca tinca Linnaeus

【目的】研究丁鱥鱼在南方较高水温条件下的生长发育情况,解决丁鱥鱼在南方推广养殖中苗种欠缺的瓶颈问题。【方法】对丁鱥亲鱼进行人工繁殖,然后对其胚胎及仔鱼发育过程进行观察记录。【结果】丁鱥鱼催产效应时间11h,受精率为75.3%,孵化率为82.7%,仔鱼成活率59.3%,育成规格为1.5～2.0cm鱼苗20.0万尾。丁鱥鱼受精卵呈卵圆形,大部分呈青灰色,直径0.50～0.77mm,具粘性;在27.0～31.0℃的温度下,受精卵历时1936min发育后孵出,有效积温为908.89℃·h;胚胎发育可划分为6个阶段30个发育时期。刚孵出仔鱼全长3.84～3.87mm,出膜后第3d卵黄囊吸收60%~80%,约有30%仔鱼开口摄食;第4d卵黄囊吸收90%,约有90%仔鱼开口;出膜第5d卵黄囊基本吸收完,但出现少许死鱼苗。【结论】丁鱥鱼适宜在南方进行繁殖及鱼苗培育,水温应稳定在20.0～27.0℃,不宜超过30.0℃,在孵化及鱼苗培育过程中注意清除敌害生物及保持清新水质,并根据水温情况及时投喂开口饵料,提高仔鱼成活率。

【Objective】The present experiment was aimed to study the growth and development of Tinca tinca Linnaeus under high water temperatures in southern China in order to solve the lack of fry in extending production in southern China. 【Method】Entire process of growth from embryonic stage to larva and fish development in Tinca tinca Linnaeus had been observed during the artificial reproduction. 【Result】The parturition was found to be induced within 11 hours, and the average fertilization and hatching rate were recorded as 75.3 and 82.7%, respectively. The survival rate of larvae fish was 59.3%. The fertilization spawn of Tinca tinca Linnaeus was spherical, steel grey in color and viscous, measuring 0.50 mm to 0.77 mm in diameter. At 27 to 31℃ water temperatures, fertilized spawn experienced 1936 min to complete the fertilizing to hatching stage, the effective accumulated temperature was 908.89℃·h. The embryonic development process included 6 stages with 30 phases. The average length of hatched larvae fish was 3.84 to 3.87 mm. About 60 to 80% of yolk sac was absorbed within 3 days after hatching, and approximately 30% of larvae fish began to intake the food. After 4 days of hatching, 90% yolk sac was absorbed, and about 90% of larvae fish began to intake food. The yolk sac was found to be absorbed completely after 5 days of hatching. 【Conclustion】Tinca tinca Linnaeus was found reproducing and raising its fry suitably in southern China in the waters with 20-27℃ temperature. The harmful things should be removed from water to keep it clean and maintain high water quality. The fish bait should be given to larvae fish timely according to the water temperature.