论晚清咸同时期湖南人才群体的学术思想

On the Academic Thoughts of the Hunan Talent Group in the Xianfeng and Tongzhi Periods of the Later Qing Dynasty

理学和经世学分别代表儒学中"内圣"、"外王"两种不同的学术路向,两者在儒学发展的历史长河中很难完美地结合。理学还因其奢谈"义理",时遭世人诟病,长期以来被视为空疏无用之学,但在晚清时期,由于湖南一批"中兴名臣"的弘扬与发展,理学曾一度受到热捧。咸、同时期,以曾国藩为代表的湖南人才群体,尽管在学术上奉程朱理学为正宗,但由于当时空前的社会危机,使他们在潜心理学之余,不得不重视经世之学,以应对当时的危急形势。理学与经世学的结合,不仅缓解了当时的社会危机,同时也推动了理学的再一次复兴。

The School of Idealist Philosophy and the School of Administering Practical Affairs represent the two different academic perspectives of ＂Internal Holiness＂ and ＂External Governance＂ respectively,which had been hard to be intermingled during the historical development of Confucianism.Because of its much discussion about ＂doctrines＂,the School of Idealist Philosophy of Confucianism had once been denounced,and thus for a long time was regarded as weak and biased.However,during the late Qing Dynasty,it became a hot topic with the propagating and development by a group of ＂Reviving Celebrated Officials.＂ During the Xianfeng and Tongzhi Periods,because of the unprecedented social crisis,the Hunan group of talents with Zeng Guofan as the representative had to value the School of Administering Practical Affairs in spite of the fact that they received the Idealist Philosophy School of Confucianism with Chenghao and Zhuxi as the representatives.The combination of the two schools of Confucianism not only remitted the social crisis at the time,but also promoted another resurgence of the Confucian school of Idealist Philosophy.