荀子论学与中国古代人文知识典籍的独立发展

On study by Xun Zi and the isolation of ancient general knowledge books

在先秦儒家思潮中,荀子首先在观念上将制度典章之学和其它人文知识典籍从人的本质中独立出来,这一知识观念的变化一方面促进了中国古代人文知识典籍在传统知识体系中地位的提升,另一方面也使当时人们对知识的认识走向理性状态,为人们的知识学习提供了很好的范本。由荀子所提出的"虚壹而静"的开放的知识观念对中国知识体系的不断完善起到了积极的推动作用,在他的影响下,人们不断地积淀旧知识,生产新知识,并由此而产生了大批专业化的人才。另一方面,从荀子开始重视外部知识典籍学习而忽视人们内心培养的知识传承方式也让社会知识体系的建构越来越脱离人们的内心,使社会上产生了部分学富五车而内心失衡的知识精英群体。

Among the Confucian ideas before Qin dynasty, Xun Zi makes the institution books and other general knowledge books independent from the nature of human in abstracto firstly. The change of idea makes the ancient general knowledge books an upgrading status in the constraction of traditional knowledge system. It also makes people in rationality and provides the appropriate templates for people. The opening concept of knowledge raised by Xun Zi plays an active role in the perfection of the traditional knowledge system.