美国博士研究生流失问题探析

Analysis of the Drain of American Doctor Students

美国高等教育中的流失问题研究起于20世纪60年代,近年来受到越来越多的关注。通过梳理已有研究文献,对美国博士生教育高辍学率问题进行描述和分析,并从博士生选择过程与毕业要求、师生关系与导师的指导方式、学生的经济资助类型以及博士教育计划四个方面分析博士研究生辍学的原因,最后从丁度的模型——学生整合理论、人力资本理论以及其他相关学科视角对美国博士研究生辍学及流失进行理论解释。在对影响美国博士研究生完成学业的组织因素和个人因素进行研究发现:很多辍学个案是可以避免发生的,需政府、社会和学校共同努力。

The research on American doctoral students drain began in the 60＇s of the 20th century,in recent years more attentions are paid on it.The article sorted out the basic existing research literature on doctoral students attrition in the United States,described and analysed the reasons of high drain rate,and analysed the drain reasons of doctor students from the selection process of the students and requirements of graduate,the teacher-student relationship and the way the guidance of tutors,the student financial aid types and doctor education programs,at last,the article theoretically interpreted the drain and loss of the American doctor student for the model of Dingdu-the students integrate theory,the human capital theory and other perspective of related disciplines.