沙漠油田作业工人听力损失分析

Hearing loss of workers from oilfield in desert

目的掌握沙漠油田作业工人听力损失状况,为采取预防措施提供依据。方法按噪声暴露分组,噪声观察组256人,对照组188人为非接触噪声人员。用常规方法测量每个工人的左右耳高频气导听阈,按GBZ 49-2007标准对听阈作年龄和性别修正,并诊断是否为听力损失,比较两组工人听力状况。结果作业现场共监测19个噪声点,其中有3个点超过国家卫生标准,超标率为15.79%;噪声强度为78~97 dB,平均（85.0±2.0）dB;噪声组中单耳听力损失罹患率为17.77%,明显高于对照组（11.44%）（χ2=6.795,P〈0.01）,且噪声组随接噪工龄延长,听力损失罹患率有增高趋势,工龄10年以上的高频听力损失明显增高,噪声组和非噪声组中,男性听力损失罹患率显著高于女性（P〈0.05）。结论提示泵工、锅炉工等工种高强度噪声引起作业人员听力损失。

Objective To understand the conditions of hearing loss of workers from oilfield in desert and furthermore to provide a criterion for preventive strategies.Methods 256 workers working in the noise environment and 188 workers in non-noise environment were studied in a factory.High frequency audiometric was done to test the hearing thresholds for both ears of each worker and adjusted with age and gender based on the recommendation of national standard GBZ 49-2002.Results The noise levels at 19 worksites were measured and the levels varied from 78 ~ 97 dB.It was noted that the noise levels at 3worksites（15.79%） were not compliant with national exposure limits.It was found that male workers had a high occurrence rate of hearing lose among both exposed and non-exposed groups.Workers exposed to noise had a higher occurrence rate（17.77%）of hearing loss（single ear） than that in the control workers 11.44%）,（χ2 = 6.795,P 0.01）.More severity was noted among workers who worked there for long time,especially among those working for more than 10 years.Conclusion The workers operated in pumping and furnace worksites had a high exposure to noise and had appeared hearing damage.The protective measures should be taken as soon as possible.