缝纫女工颈肩部肌肉的表面肌电研究

A field study on the work load and muscle fatigue at neck-shoulder in female sewing machine operators by using surface electromyography

目的研究缝纫女工颈肩部工作负荷和肌肉疲劳情况。方法使用表面肌电图技术现场测量并记录18名健康的无肌肉骨骼疾患的缝纫机操作女工日常工作期间200min（每时段10rain，20个时段）双侧颈竖脊肌（CES）和斜方肌上支（UT）的肌电信号。现场测定之前，分别测定被测试者双侧CES和UT的最大随意自主收缩和20％最大随意自主收缩（the maximal voluntary contraction, MVC ）时的肌电信号；被测试者工作结束后测量其双侧CES和UT的20％MVC肌电信号。对所获得的肌电信号使用时域指标分析方法进行分析。结果缝纫女工在操作期间的平均工作负荷振幅概率分布函数（APDF）分析表明，左右4NCES均方根值（RM20%MVC）分别为6．78±1．05和6．94±1．12；左右侧UT RMS20%MVC分别为5．68±2．56和6．47±3．22；静力负荷分析结果，被测试者肌肉右侧工作负荷高于左侧；工作后RM20MVC均高于工作前RMs20％。的值，右侧CES和uT的RM20MVC值增量高于左侧；左右颈竖脊肌最大20％MVE值出现在第20时段，左右斜方肌最大20％MVE的值出现在第16时段。结论缝纫女工工作负荷为持续低强度负荷作业，右侧颈肩负荷高于左侧，右侧颈肩肌肉易产生疲劳且疲劳程度高于左侧。

Objective To study neck and shoulder work-related muscle fatigue of female sewing machine operators. Methods 18 health female sewing machine operators without musculoskeletal disorders work in Beijing garment industry factory as volunteers in participate of this study. The maximal voluntary contraction （MVC） and 20% MVC of bilateral upper trapezium and cervical erectors spinae was tested before sewing operations, then the whole 20 time windows （ltime window=10 rain） sewing machine operations was monitored and the surface electromyography （sEMG） signals simultaneously was recorded after monitoring the 20%MVC was tested. Use amplitude analysis method to reduction recorded EMG signals. Results During work, the median load for the left cervical erector spinae （LCES）, right cervical erector spinae （RCES）, left upper trapezium （LUT） and right upper trapezium （RUT） respectively was 6.78 ± 1.05, 6.94± 1.12, 5.68 ±2.56 and 6.47± 3.22, work load of right is higher than the left; static load analysis indicated the value of RM20MVC before work was higher than that value after work, the increase of right CES and UT RM20MVC was more; the largest 20%MVE of bilateral CES occurred at 20th time window, and that of bilateral UT happened at 16th. Conclusions The work load of female sewing machine operators is sustained ＂static＂ load, and work load of right neck-shoulder is higher than left, right neck-shoulder muscle is more fatigable and much serious once fatigued.