某煤矿工人肌肉骨骼损伤情况及其危险因素

Musculoskeletal disorders and risk factors of workers in a coal mine

目的了解我国煤矿工人肌肉骨骼损伤的流行病学特征，探讨职业和个体相关影响因素，为制定针对性预防措施和策略提供科学依据。方法对某煤炭集团一矿区的1900名工人进行肌肉骨骼损伤的横断面调查，应用北欧肌肉骨骼损伤标准问卷调查评估肌肉骨骼损伤情况；采用logistic回归分析法了解职业因素与肌肉骨骼损伤的相关性。结果在过去的1年中，1205名煤矿工人自诉患有肌肉骨骼损伤，患病率为78．4％。尤其是腰痛最为常见，患病率高达59．5％。身体各部位肌肉骨骼损伤患病率随年龄的增长而升高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。井下工人肌肉骨骼损伤患病率明显高于井上工人，其中肩、腰、膝部患病率的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。经logistic回归分析，重复性操作和不舒适的姿势是颈、肩部和上肢肌肉骨骼损伤的危险因素；重复性操作、搬举重物和大幅度弯腰皆与腰背痛有很强相关性。下肢疼痛与长期的站立和不舒适姿势有关。结论煤矿工人的职业因素与肌肉骨骼损伤具有很强的相关性。

Objective To explore the prevalence characteristics and influence factors related to oecupation and individuals for musculoskeletal disorders of workers in Chinese mines. Methods In a cross- sectional study of 1900 coal miners from a coal mine, the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire was used to assess the musculoskeletal disorders, and logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between the occupational factor and he musculoskeletal disorders. Results During the past year, 1205 miners of 1537 miners （78.4%） complained of the musculoskeletal disorders. The morbidity of lumbago was 59.5%. The morbidity of the musculoskeletal disorders in different body sites of the miners increased significantly with age （P〈0.05）. The morbidity of the musculoskeletal disorders in the underground workers was significantly higher than that in the ground workers. According to logistic regression analysis, the repetitive operation and awkward posture were the risk factors for the musculoskeletal disorders in neck, shoulder and upper limbs; the repetitive operation, moving heavy substance and stooping posture were related significantly to lumbago; the musculoskeletal disorders in lower limbs were associated with the long standing and awkward posture. Conclusion There is significant correlation between the occupational factors and the musculoskeletal disorders for coal miners.