广州工厂工业噪声超标现状调查

A cross-sectional study on the industrial noise over-limit status in Guangzhou factories

目的调查广州工厂作业岗位工业噪声超标现状，为开展噪声职业病危害防治工作提供参考。方法现场监测、现况调查广州工厂211家，按企业性质、规模大小、所处区域、所属行业和监测时间等分布进行分析与评价。结果被调查工厂以国企和合资企业为主，多数为中型企业，分布在城区，主要涉及机动车与船舶制造业、电子与电气设备制造业和石油化工行业。合资和民营企业噪声超标较明显，超标率分别为36．0％和31．2％，主要表现在纺织、食品与饮料制造和皮革制品等行业，超标率分别为46．7％、43．1％和41．3％，电子与电气设备制造、机动车与船舶制造和印刷与文体制品业等行业噪声超标现象也较明显，超标率均超过35％；南沙工业区和番禺区企业、大型企业噪声超标率也都超过35％；春、夏季节监测的企业噪声超标率较高；调整各相关因素后的多因素回归分析结果也与此一致。最常见的超标点主要集中在与机械加工制造相关行业的剪切锯、铣抛磨、压铆钻、焊接、装配和质检工种，与制药、食品饮料制造业相关的质检和包装，纺织业的纺纱和打线，辅助工作的清洗和维修以及空压机、冷机、风机、发电机、泵房等辅助用房的巡查维护等岗位。结论广州工厂工业噪声行业和区域分布广，加强重点区域、重点行业、重点岗位工业噪声职业病危害防治应是今后的工作重点。

Objective To investigate the industrial noise over-limit status of the worksites in Guangzhou factories, so as to promote the prevention and control of occupational noise hazards. Methods 211 factories in Guangzhou were monitored and investigated. The analysis and assessment were developed for the properties and size of the factories, the districts of the factories being located, the industries of the factories being classified and the date of monitoring. Results In this understudied factories, most of them were national-owned and joint-ventures, medium size, located in urban, and mainly involved in the industries of manufacturing of motor vehicle, shipping, electron and electric equipment, and the industries of petroleum and chemicals. The prevalence of noise over-limit was higher in joint-ventures （ 36.0% ） and private-run enterprises （ 31.2% ）. The over-limit status mainly presented in industries of textile, food and beverage processing, and leather producing, with getting prevalence of over-limit 46.7%, 43.1% and 41.3% respectively. Subsequence were industries of manufacturing of electron and electric equipment, motor vehicle and shipping, and industries of printing and goods producing for culture and sports, with the prevalence for all 〉35%. Factories monitored during spring and summer also had higher prevalence of noise over-limit. The similar results were got after adjustment for each other using multivariable regression. The most common over-limit sites mainly focused on the operation of cutting and sawing, milling and planing, pressing, riveting, drilling, jointing, assembling and quality inspecting in industries of mechanism processing and manufacturing, on quality inspecting and packing in industries of pharmacy and food and beverage manufacture, on spinning and scutching in textile industry, and on cleaning and maintaining as assistant jobs, and patrolling and inspecting air-press machine, ventilation machine, dynamotor and pump. Conclusion Noise in Guangzhou factories widely exists with different industries and districts. To strengthen noise occupational hazards prevention and control for the high risk districts, industries and worksites should be the key job in the future.