微囊化细胞的低温保存

Cryopreservation of microencapsulated cells

背景:微胶囊是一种有效的免疫隔离工具,低温冷冻方便了微囊的保存与运输,有利于微囊化技术在临床的推广应用。目的:综述微囊低温保存技术中微囊低温保存特点、不同保存方法优缺点、研究方法及微囊低温保存实验现状。方法:检索1980/2010 PubMed数据库,1991/2010万方数据库、维普数据库有关微囊低温保存研究,低温保存工艺理论及专用仪器,微囊低温保存技术医学应用的文献。结果与结论:微囊化细胞在低温保存过程中的损伤特点与细胞、组织有很大不同。微囊相对较大的尺寸与复杂的囊壁半透膜结构,使得微囊结构与囊内细胞更容易受到溶质损伤与冰晶损伤,因此不能简单套用单细胞悬液的低温保存方案。慢速冷却法与玻璃化法是两种常见的微囊化细胞低温保存方法,各有利弊。微囊化细胞低温保存技术尚未成熟,在开发新型微囊低温保存设备,优化设计微囊低温保存方案的同时,需进一步加强对微囊冻存机制更深层次的探索。

BACKGROUND：Microcapsule is an effective tool for immunoisolation,cryopreservation makes the preservation and the transportation of the microcapsules easy,which is helpful for microencapsulated technology applied in clinical practice.OBJECTIVE：To summarize the cryopreservation of microencapsulated cells,such as cryopreservation characteristic of microencapsulated cells,advantages and disadvantages of different cryopreservation methods,research methods and so on.METHODS：A computer-based online search of PubMed database（from 1980 to 2010）,Wanfang database（from 1991 to 2010） and Vip database（from 1991 to 2010） was performed for articles related to the cryopreservation of microencapsulated cells,cryopreservation technology and devices,cryopreservation application in medical field.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：The cryodamage characteristic of microencapsulated cells are different to the cells and tissues.The relatively large size of microcapsules and complex structure of semi-permeable membrane make it susceptibly that microcapsule structure and cells in microcapsules are damaged by ice crystals and solution in cryopreservation.So the cryopreservation protocol of cell suspension could not be used in microencapsulated cells cryopreservation.Slow-cooling and vitrification are two common methods of the cryopreservation of microencapsulated cells,each has advantages and disadvantages.The technology of cryopreservation of microencapsulated cells is not yet mature.The mechanism underlying the cryopreservation of microencapsulated cells needs further strengthen at the same time of exploring the optimal cryopreservation protocols for microencapsulated cells and new cryopreservation facilities for microencapsulated cells.