水面舰艇长远航期间舰员心理状况研究

Investigation on the mental health status of the ship crew onboard surface naval vessels during a prolonged deployment.

目的研究水面舰艇长远航期间舰员的心理状况变化情况，为制定合理的心理卫生保健措施提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90），分别于出航前7d和出航第77、142、204天时，对执行远航任务的某水面舰艇官兵进行“重复性横断面”团体问卷抽样调查分析，并与中国军人常模作比较。结果出航前舰员的群体心理状况良好，SCL．90总均分和多项因子分值均明显低于军人常模值（P〈0．05）；出航第77天舰员的SCL-90总均分、躯体化、敌对性、偏执、其他因子均分都高于出航前水平（P〈0．05），其中敌对性和偏执因子分明显高于军人常模值（P〈0．01）。出航第142天和204天，舰员SCL-90总均分和各因子分值明显回落，仅“其他”因子项均分仍显著高于出航前（P〈0．01）。SCL-90筛查阳性率比较显示，出航第77天（15．1％）和出航第204天（20．0％）均明显高于出航前（2．4％）（P〈0．01），而出航第142天（7．7％）与出航前相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论舰员的群体心理状态在长远航早期明显低落，而在中后期经调整适应后趋于常态化；但舰员的个体心理状态在后期出现了明显的分化趋势。

Objective To investigate changes in the mental health status of the ship crew onboard surface naval vessels during a prolonged deployment, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of sound psychological health service measures for the ship crew. Methods Reproducibility and cross - sectional survey were conducted to investigate the emotional status of the ship crew aboard a certain naval surface vessel with symptom check list （SCL-90） , 7 clays before deployment, and on the 77th, 142nd, and 204th clays after deployment during a prolonged ocean - going voyage. The obtained data were compared with the norms of the Chinese servicemen. Results The mental health status of the ship crew was on the whole in good mode before deployment. Total average score and various SCL-90 patterns were obviously lower than the norms of the Chinese servicemen（P 〈0. 05）. On the 77th day after deployment, the psychological state of the ship crew degraded markedly, manifested by the elevation of the SCL-90 total mean score and other scores, such as somatizaion, hostility, crankiness and other factors, when compared with those after deployment （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Of all the scores, the scores of hostility and crankiness were significantly higher than the norms of the Chinese servicemen（P 〈 0. 01 ）. Total SCL-90 average score and various factor scores on the 142nd and 204th days after deployment dropped sharply, except that one other factor score of SCL-90 was higher than that before deployment（P 〈0. O1 ）. Screening positive rate of SCL-90 indicated that positive rates on the 77th（ 15.1% ） and 204th clays （20%）were all obviously higher than that of pre - deployment（2. 4% ） （P 〈 0. 01 ）. However, no statistical differences could be seen in the scores on 142nd day（7.7% ） , when compared with that of pre - deployment（2.4% ） （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. Conclusions The psychological status of the ship crew, on the whole, degraded markedly during the initial stage of a prolonged deployment, then, would gradually come to normal with adaptation thereafter. Nevertheless, individual psychological status showed a tendency of obvious differentiation in the late stage of deployment.