房屋倒塌规律调查分析及结构抗灾性——5·12汶川地震三周年祭

Investigation and analysis of collapse mechanism and calamity resistance performance of structure: third anniversary memorical of 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake

通过对汶川地震中房屋倒塌及未倒塌现象的分析,总结了结构倒塌的规律并探讨了结构的防倒塌潜力。分析表明:结构方案缺陷、传力途径单薄、连接构造缺失、材料性能不良以及施工质量失控是造成结构倒塌的原因。而通过调查分析未倒塌房屋的现象,总结了结构"四要、四忌、四强、四宜"的要诀。在此基础上总结了结构的安全层次并指出了结构整体稳固性对于安全的重要意义。同时介绍了结构防倒塌设计的原则,并提出了结构的抗灾性能研究的建议。

Based on the analysis of the collapsed buildings and the still standing buildings during the Wenchuan Earthquake,the collapse mechanism of the structure is summarized and the collapse resistance potential of the structure is discussed in this paper.Through the analysis of the building collapse phenomenon,the research results show that the causes of structural collapse include the inappropriate structural scheme,the inadequate load transfer path,the missing of connecting components,the poor material property and the uncontrollable construction quality.In addition,through the investigation and analysis of the survived buildings,the keys to structural safety is summarized,such as four needs,four taboo,four strengthening,four possibilities,and the collapse resisting ability of structure are thoroughly discussed.On this basis,the safety level is analyzed and the significance of the whole structural robustness in safety is pointed out.In addition,the design principal of the collapses prevention is introduced in this paper.the research on calamity resistance and collapse-prevention design are suggested.