新中国法治50年论略

On Rule by Law in the Past 50 Years since the Founding of New China

新中国法治建设大致可以分为四个阶段。从 194 9年 10月至195 7年 5月 ,为创立时期。在此期间 ,新中国的立法、司法、法学教育与法学研究都有巨大的发展。但也存在左倾思想及法律虚无主义的因素。 195 7年“反右”开始至 1966年“文化大革命”爆发 ,是曲折发展时期。法制建设的消极表现是 :党的“政策”取代国家法律 ,法制建设停滞不前 ,法律理论与现实矛盾。1966年至 1976年 ,是中国法制遭到全面破坏时期。 1976年以后 ,特别是改革开放以后的 2 0年 ,是中国社会主义法治建设的辉煌时期。在此期间 ,国家立法工作获得突破性发展 。

Progress in the rule by law in new China can be roughly divided into four stages. The first stage is the period between October 1949 and May 1957 when the rule by law was set up. This period witnessed great progress in legislation, judicature, as well as in education and study of law. There were elements of “left” errors and nihilist view of law, though. The 2 nd stage is from the “anti\|rightist” movement in 1957 to the outbreak of “cultural revolution” in 1966, a period of hardship in construction of legality when the Party's “policy” functioned as the law. The period between 1966 to 1976 is a time of com\| plete destruction of China's legal system. After 1976, especially during the 20 years of reform and open\|up to the outside world, is a period of glorious victory of the law marked by a great leap forward in legislation and tremendous achievements in education and research in socialist law.