基于产品技术含量分类的中澳两国贸易关系研究

Research on Sino-Australia Trade Relationship Based on Product Technique Content Classification

基于产品技术含量分类,计算中澳两国之间贸易结合度、贸易竞争互补指数、贸易竞争压力指数、工业制成品出口贸易的技术水平和产业内贸易指数,深入探讨了两国之间的贸易关系。中澳两国贸易关系越来越紧密,贸易互补性大于贸易竞争性,且互补性上升趋势明显,两国贸易竞争压力存在不对称性,中国对澳大利亚大于澳大利亚对中国的贸易竞争压力。在初级产品方面,两国贸易竞争性较强,且澳大利亚对中国的贸易竞争压力很大,中澳两国由于工业制成品技术水平层次存在差异,中国对澳大利亚工业制成品出口没有形成真正的贸易竞争压力,中澳双边工业制成品贸易技术结构不断优化,两国的工业制成品垂直分工合作水平上升。因此,中澳自由贸易区的建立,有利于充分发挥各自的比较优势、资源互补以及工业制成品规模经济效益的形成,从而促进两国产业结构的调整与升级,同时要注意澳大利亚初级产品对中国相关产业的影响。

Based on the product technique content classification, this paper calculates China-Australia indications such as the degree of trade combination, trade competitiveness complementarities index, and trade competitive stress index, the technical level of export trade in industrial manufactured goods and intra-industry trade index. On the basis, it discusses trade relations between the two countries in depth. The results show that China-Australian bilateral trade relations become closer and closer, and trade complementarily, showing an obvious increasing trend, is greater than trade competition. However, their trade competitive pressure is asymmetric： China’s trade competitive pressure on Australia is greater than the pressure it gets from Australia. The competitiveness between the two countries on the primary products trade is strong, while Australia exerts great trade competitive pressure on China. Owing to technical differences on industrial manufactured goods between China and Australian, the exports of China’s industrial manufactured goods haven’t posed real trade competitive pressure on Australia. In fact, technological structure of China-Australian bilateral trade on industrial manufactured products is being optimized. The level of cooperation and vertical division of industrial manufactured goods between the two countries rises. Therefore, the establishment of China-Australia FTA is helpful to make full use of their comparative advantages and resource complementarily and it is beneficial to form the scale economies of industrial manufactured products so as to promote the adjustment and upgrading of their industrial structures. However, attention should also be paid to the effects of Australia primary products on China’s relevant industries.