绝经后阴道出血196例临床分析

Clinical analysis of 196 cases of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding

目的 分析引起绝经后阴道出血的病因及诊断方法.方法 对196例绝经后阴道出血患者的临床与病理资料进行回顾性分析.结果 196例患者中良性疾病占46.94%（92/196）,功能性子宫出血占34.69%（68/196）,恶性肿瘤占18.37%（36/196）.绝经1～4年、5～9年、10～14年、≥15年恶性肿瘤发生率分别为2.53%（2/79）、9.38%（6/64）、48.39%（15/31）、59.09%（13/22）.恶性肿瘤患者的发病年龄（61.28±8.76）岁,绝经时间（9.38±6.73）年,良性疾病及功能性子宫出血患者分别为（54.73±6.72）岁和（4.12±3.54）年,两者比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 绝经后阴道出血的原因以良性疾病及功能性子宫出血为主,但年龄越大、绝经时间越长,其恶性肿瘤的发生率越高.

Objective To analyze the cause of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding and diagnostic method. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 196 patients with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding were retrospectively analyzed. Results The benign diseases accounted for 46.94% （92/196）, dysfunctional uterine bleeding accounted for 34.69% （68/196）, malignant tumor accounted for 18.37% （36/196）.Menopausal time 1--4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, ≥ 15 years of malignant tumor incidence was 2.53%（2/79）, 9.38% （6/64）, 48.39% （ 15/31 ）, 59.09 % （13/22）. The age of onset in patients with malignant tumors was （61.28 ± 8.76） years old, menopausal time was （9.38 ±6.73） years, benign disease and dysfunctional uterine bleeding was （54.73 ± 6.72） years old and （4.12 ± 3.54） years, the differences were statistical significance （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The cause of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding bases mainlyon benign disease and dysfunctional uterine bleeding, but the older, longer menopausal time, which also increase the incidence of malignant tumors.