论《里斯本条约》生效后欧洲人权保护机制的一体化趋势

The Integration of European Human Rights Protection Mechanisms after the Entry into Force of the Treaty of Lisbon

《里斯本条约》明确规定"欧盟应加入《欧洲人权公约》",由此结束了长期困扰欧盟法律体系的一项重大争论,预示着欧洲委员会和欧盟两大人权保护机制的一体化。欧盟的人权保护机制发展滞后,因而产生了欧盟加入《欧洲人权公约》的呼声。欧洲法院出于维护欧盟法律体系自治性的需要,一度对加入问题持否定态度。实践中,欧洲法院与欧洲人权法院之间愈来愈密切的互动却又彰显欧盟加入的必要性。《里斯本条约》为欧盟的加入打开了法律之门,欧盟内部也将此提上工作议程,目前欧盟与欧洲委员会正在谈判加入协定。不过,从加入涉及的一系列法律和技术难题来看,完全实现欧盟加入《欧洲人权公约》尚需时日。

The Treaty of Lisbon stipulates that the EU shall accede to the European Convention on Human Rights('ECHR'),which ends the lasting controversy perplexing the EU legal system,and predicts the integration of the two European human rights protection mechanisms.Due to the lagging behind of EU human rights protection mechanism,EU's accession to the ECHR has become urgent and necessary.With an aim to uphold the autonomy of EU Law,the European Court of Justice('ECJ')once gave a negative answer to the EU's accession in the early 1990s.However,in practice the frequent interplay between ECJ and European Court of Human Rights demonstrates the necessity of EU's accession.The Lisbon Treaty has provided sufficient legal basis for EU's accession,and EU has also put it on agenda.However,considering all those legal issues which have to be addressed in the accession process,the realization of EU's accession is bound to be a time-consuming process.