不同保墒措施对陕北山地枣园土壤温湿度及生长的影响

Effects of different moisture conserving ways on soil moisture,soil temperature and growth of Jujube in mountain areas of northern Shaanxi

针对陕北地区水资源日趋紧张,雨水、灌溉水利用效率低下的现状,在陕西省米脂县孟岔试验示范区通过定位观测实验,研究了秸秆覆盖（J1J、2、J3）、地膜覆盖（D）及施用保水剂（B16、B12、B8）不同处理对陕北山地枣园土壤温、湿度及生长的动态规。结果表明：覆盖有调节土壤温度的作用,秸秆覆盖与对照温差的幅度为-5.5℃~0.25℃,地膜覆盖与对照温差的幅度为1.32℃~5.17℃;不同保墒措施的保水效果较对照有所提高,J2（秸秆覆盖量2 kg/m2）、D、B12（保水剂施用量120 g/棵）的保墒效果较好,土壤蒸发较对照降低23.6%、26.4%、29.2%,土壤水分提高25%、13.5%、22%,且可以促进枣树生长及提高枣树的产量,J2的产量最高,B12次之,分别比对照提高37.3%、32.8%,由于枣树坐果期D的温度较高,影响坐果,使降低产量。J2、D、B12是保墒效果好的措施,J2、B12是产量高的措施。

In experimental demonstration areas in Mengcha of Mizhi County in Shaanxi Province,against the situation of the growing tensions in short water resources and low rainwater use efficiency,the experiments were conducted to study dynamic soil moisture,temperature and jujube growth under different conserving ways by located test in mountain areas of noethern Shaanxi.The result indicated that the straw and film mulching adjusted soil temperature,and the amplitude on the temperature difference between straw mulching and CK was-5.5℃～0.25℃,while that between film mulching and CK was 1.32℃～5.17℃.Different soil moisture conserving treatments had higher water effecst than CK.B12（the use of water retaining agent is 120 g/plant）,J2（the use of straw is 2 kg/m2） and D（Film mulching） were higher in the process of changes in soil water content with time,while the average soil evaporation was lower than CK by 29.2%, 23.6% and 26.4%,and the soil moisture was higher than CK by 22%,25% and 13.5%.They could promote jujube growth and increse jujube yield,and J2 was higher than CK by 37.3% and B12 by 32.8%.Because the film mulching resulted in higher temperature in friut setting period,the yield was lower.B12,J2 and D increased moisture conservation,and B12 and J2 also increased jujube yield.