藏药大籽獐牙菜不同提取部位的抗菌活性

Antimicrobial activities of different extracts from Swertia macrosperma C.B.Clark

目的:研究并比较大籽獐牙菜不同提取部位的抗菌作用。方法:以不同极性溶剂萃取大籽獐牙菜乙醇提取物,得石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物及萃取后物质等不同极性部位。以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌为试验对象,采用平皿打孔灌药法比较大籽獐牙菜不同提取部位的抗菌作用。结果:大籽獐牙菜的石油醚部位、乙酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位均具有一定的抗菌作用,而萃取后部位没有抗菌作用,其抗G+菌活性比较:乙酸乙酯部位>石油醚部位>正丁醇部位;抗G-菌作用:正丁醇部位>乙酸乙酯部位>石油醚部位;抗真菌活性比较:乙酸乙酯部位>石油醚部位>正丁醇部位。结论:大籽獐牙菜能有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、沙门氏菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌,具有广谱抗菌作用。大籽獐牙菜的抗菌作用不限于一个部位,而是通过多种有效成分、多个环节、多种途径发挥协调作用产生抗菌功效。

Objective：To determine and compare the antimicrobial activities of extracts from Swertia macrosperma C.B.Clark.Methods： To search for the active components,the systematic solvent methods were used to get the petroleum,ethyl acetate and n-butylalcohol extracts,and the residues after extraction.Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Salmonella,Bacillus subtilis,and Candida albicans were used in the antimicrobial experiments.Antimicrobial activities of different kinds of extracts from Swertia macrosperma C.B.Clark were observed by a disk diffusion method.Results： Petroleum,ethyl acetate and n-butylalcohol extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities,while the residues after extracting had no antimicrobial activity.The potency of antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria was as follows： ethyl acetate extractpetroleum extractn-butylalcohol extract.The potency of antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria was as follows： n-butylalcohol extractethyl acetate extractpetroleum extract.The potency of antifungal activity was as follows： ethyl acetate extractpetroleum extractn-butylalcohol extract.Conclusion： Swertia macrosperma C.B.Clark has antibacterial and antifungal activities against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Salmonella,Bacillus subtilis,Candida albicans,showing broad-spectrum bacteriostatic effects.The active components are not limited in one fraction of Swertia macrosperma C.B.Clark alone,and Swertia macrosperma C.B.Clark may exert the antimicrobial activities by cooperation of different active fractions in various ways.