论清代命案检验中的鉴定文书

On the Judicial Identified Documents of Homicide Cases in Qing Dynasty.

清代的鉴定文书不仅应包括通说中的尸格、尸图、骨格、骨图,而且还应该包括通详类上行文书、仵作甘结,它们各有侧重,相互验证。通详类文书中有介绍现场勘查、分析说明的作用,仵作甘结则体现了验证图格,防止作弊的用处。三者共同构成了一套精巧的表达体系。同时,清朝还在损伤描述要素上作了规范化的努力。

In Qing Dynasty, the judicial identified document of a homicide case includes tour parts： corpse table and figure, bone table and figure, a detailed report, and a guarantee letter that ensures all above-mentioned information are collected in the document. The report records, crime scene investigation and the analysis of inspection, while the guarantee letter can verify other documents and prevent officials from cheating. These three parts constitute an ingenious and normative system. Further, in Qing Dynasty, the injury description was made to be as standardized as possible.