新鲜黄山贡菊叶中挥发油的提取

Study on Extraction Process of Volatile Oil from Dendranthema morifolium(Gongju) Fresh Leaves

文中采用水蒸气蒸馏法对黄山贡菊新鲜根、茎、叶、花及干叶、干花中挥发油进行了提取实验，并用正交实验法对新鲜叶中挥发油的提取条件进行了优化。实验结果表明：从叶中提取的挥发油得率最高，pH值在5～9之间对叶中挥发油的得率无明显影响，粒径大小、浸泡时间、料液比、蒸馏时间对挥发油的得率均有影响，优化后最佳提取工艺为粒径大小4mm、浸泡时间12h、料液比（g：mL）1：3、蒸馏时间4h，挥发油得率达0．0020mL／g，验证实验表明此工艺稳定、可行。

The volatile oil extraction yield of the different parts in Gongju was compared and extraction process from fresh leaves was optimized. The volatile oil was extracted by water distillation from roots, stems, leaves, flowers and dried leaves, dried flowers of fresh Gongju. The extracting conditions from fresh leaves were optimized by orthogohal design. It showed that the extraction yield from fresh leaves was the highest, there was no significant variation in volatile oil yield from fresh leaves when pH valued at 5 - 9, the extraction yield was affected by particle size, soaking time, solid-liquid ratio, distillation time. The optimum extraction conditions were ： particle size 4mm, soaking time 12 h, solid-liquid ratio 1：3, the distillation time 4 h, the extraction yield 0. 0020 mL/g. The optimum extraction process was stable and feasible. The results shows that the study of deep processing of Gongju leaves is necessary and it may have good application in medical and health products industries.