农业“去过密化”态势中的中国农地制度变迁——一个制度解释

A Study on the Change of China's Rural Land System in the De-involution Tendency:A Systematical Analysis

中国农业过密化的人口压力已经解除,据以解决农地零碎化问题的条件已经成熟。但是,无论是诱致性的还是强制性的农地流转与集中,都没有伴随人口压力的减轻而大规模出现。课题组通过调研发现,可流转农地供给的不足是中国农地流转交易的现实制约,而农村社会保障制度特别是农民"退养"制度的缺位等,构成农户家庭参与农地流转的深层顾虑。国家政策应确立农民退养制度,以此消弭农户家庭流转农地的顾虑,同时统筹城乡户籍制度,以鼓励有条件的非城市户籍常住人口用农地置换城市户籍及依附之上的保障性福利。另外,配套的制度改革对于农地制度变迁具有辅助作用。

Since the population pressure from the agricultural involution has been removed, the conditions under which the problem of rural land fragmentation can be solved have become sufficient. But in reality, neither the motivational nor the compulsory transaction and concentration of the farmland has emerged on a large scale. Through the investigation, we find that, the insufficient provision of the circulated rural land restricts the marketing development of the transaction; in addition, the absence of the social security system, especially the absence of the pension system that is coherent with peasants' retirement from the land in rural area, is the root cause of the peasants' unwillingness of farmland deals. As a result, we suggest that the Government should, on the one hand, make an effort to set up pension system for peasants so as to release their worries, and on the other hand, make an overall arrangement of urban and rural household registration system as well as its attached welfare, in order to motivate the rural land transaction. Furthermore, we think that other coherent systematical changes are also needed for the transaction.