现代马克思主义经济学的“资源与需要双约束”假说

The"Dual Restrictions of Resource and Needs"Hypothesis in Modern Marxist Economics

资本主义经济的历史清楚地表明,资源和生产能力并不是经济活动的唯一约束条件。现代马克思主义经济理论认为,资源与人的需要并不是相互独立的概念范畴,在任何时期两者之间存在相互的规定性,都处于有限状态,并对经济活动产生双重约束;在长期中,由于科学的发展和技术的进步,资源和需要的范畴同时得以扩展而在理论上处于无限状态。正是人类的创新活动不断突破资源与需要的双重约束,才使得社会经济不断向前发展。

In the Western economics, resources and needs are separated. Needs are assumed to be infinite and can never be satisfied fully, however, resources are scarce and finite, and the task of economics is summarized as 'maximally meeting the human needs by using finite resources', and can be simply called 'the allocation of resources'. In fact, the history of the capitalist economy clearly shows that the resource is not the only restriction of economic activity. According to Modern Marxist economic theory, resource and human needs are not independent conceptual categories. They are defined mutually and are both finite, restrict the economic activities dually. In the long run, due to scientific development and technological progress, the scope of resource and needs should be extended so that they are infinite in theory. It is human innovation which breaks the dual restrictions of resource and needs continuously that bring up continuous development of social economy.