“理据”作为语言学术语的几种涵义

On the Meanings of "Motivation" as a Linguistic Unit

理据是当代语言学研究中的一个新的重要术语，但由于现代汉语词汇双音化特征和词义组合上的浓缩化倾向，它常表现出不同的涵义及用法，细分为：（1）最一般意义上的理由或根据；（2）广义上的语言自组织过程中促动和激发语言生成、发展与变化的动因；（3）语言系统某一层面的理据，如音位理据、词语理据、句法理据等；（4）词语的理据性和理据义；（5）从认知角度解释语言现象的一种崭新理论——理据论。对理据一词的多种涵义进行分类和解释，有助于人们厘清它在实际使用中引发的一些含混现象，从而促进语言理据研究。

Motivation is a new and key term in contemporary linguistics,but due to its disyllabic feature and semantic contraction in contemporary Chinese,it has several meanings and usages,namely:(1)a cause or reason in the most general sense;(2)a driving force that promotes the formation,evolution,and mutation of any language phenomena;(3)a sub-driving force of language facets such as phonological motivation,lexical motivation,and syntactic motivation;(4)non-arbitrarinessof language and its linguistic interpretation;and(5)a cognitively motivated viewof language research.A study on the classifications and interpretations of motivation can help us disambiguate its confusing and mistaken usages,which is sure to facilitate the further research on the study of linguistic motivation as a newly established discipline.