汶川地震对甘肃省饮水型地方性氟中毒流行的影响研究

Research of influence of Wenchuan earthquake on endemic fluorosis epidemiology in Gansu Province

目的探讨自然灾害之地震灾害对饮水型地方性氟中毒流行的潜在影响,为指导防治提供科学依据。方法于地震后100天,选择文县、舟曲县、两当、成县和徽县等5个县开展饮用水水氟现况调查,各县采泉水、井水和地表水等水源类型水样各40份,并调查水源变化等相关情况;水氟含量用氟离子电极法测定。结果 201份水样分布在5县的25个乡镇、92个村,其中井水61份、泉水83份和地表水水样57份;6份水样水氟>1.00mg/L,占2.99%(6/201)、平均水氟含量为1.35mg/L(1.05～1.72mg/L)、有767人饮用,其中井水2份、泉水4份;在7个历史病区村中,1个村的降氟改水工程能正常使用,1个历史轻病区村居民饮用水水氟含量为1.72mg/L;在文县和两当县各有18处和21处泉水水源发生明显变化,其中仅文县的2处泉水出现水氟超标现象。结论地震灾区局部有发生饮水型地方性氟中毒流行的潜在危险性,应建立健全地方性氟中毒防治的长效机制。

Objective To study potential effects of natural disasters such as earthquake disasters on endemic fluorosis epidemiology,so as to provide scientific basis for direct control of endemic fluorosis.Methods On the 100th day after Wenchuan earthquake,with field epidemiology method in counties of Wenxian,Zhouqu,Liangdang,Chengxian and Huixian in Gansu Province,40 water samples in each county were collected from different water resources included the mountain spring,well water and valley water,meanwhile situation of water changes was investigated.The content of fluoride in drinking water was determined by F-ion selective electrode.Results Out of the water samples,201 distributed at 92 villages of 5 towns in the 5 counties.There were 61 water samples of well water,83 of mountain spring and 57 of valley water.6 samples included 2 samples of well water and 4 samples of the mountain spring had water fluoride content over 1.00 mg/L,accounting for 2.99%（6/201）,and the fluoride content averaged 1.35 mg/L（1.05-1.72 mg/L）,and covered 767 people.Among 7 villages of endemic fluorosis area,there was 1 project of water-improvement project worked normally with water fluoride content of 1.72 mg/L at another village of historical light endemic fluorosis areas.Water resource of 18 sites in Wenxian County and 21 sites in Liangdang County of the mountain spring had changed and 2 sites in Wenxian County had water fluoride content over 1.00 mg/L.Conclusions Endemic fluorosis in local ring would be potential danger after earthquake,so the long-term mechanism of endemic fluorosis control and prevention should be established by the government.