早实核桃花器官发育的解剖学研究

Studies on Floral Organ Development Process of Precocious Walnut (Juglans regia) by Anatomia

通过形态解剖方法,观察早实核桃品种‘香玲’第1次开花的雌花芽和雄花芽发育特点,结果发现:在山东泰安地区,早实核桃‘香玲’雌花芽的分化从5月上旬—中旬进入形态分化临界期后,历经雌花花序分化期、花柄原基和雌花原基分化期、花被原基分化期、苞片原基分化期、花萼原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雌蕊原基分化期和胚珠分化期;个别雌花原基还能分化出花瓣原基和雄蕊原基,雌花花瓣原基和雄蕊原基在随后的发育过程中退化。在晚实核桃品种‘青林’雌花发育过程中没有发现花瓣原基和雄蕊原基的分化。‘香玲’核桃雄花芽的分化从4月上—中旬次第进入雄花序分化期、雄花原基分化期、花萼原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期、花药分化期、花粉囊和花粉粒形成期。

Anatomic characteristics of the floral differentiation were compared between two walnut （Juglans regia L.）cultivars,precocious‘Xiangling’ and late maturing‘Qinglin’,during their first florescence. The results showed that female floral bud of ＇Xiangling＇ started critical stage of differentiation in early/middle of May in Tai’an,Shandong Province. Sequent phases consisted of stage of female floral inflorescence differentiation,stage of stalk and female floral primordium differentiation,stage of differentiation of bract primordium,the female flower calyx,petal,pistil and ovule primordium. For ‘Xiangling’,female floral primordium was occasionally observed advancing toward petal primordium and pistil primordium,which would abort later although. However,this extraordinary progress did not occur in‘Qinglin’. The results also revealed that male floral bud of‘Xiangling’began the differentiation in early/middle of April and then progressed towards the inflorescence differentiation of male flowers,differentiation of calyx primordium,stamen and anthers primordium,formation of pollen sacs and pollen in time of occurrence.