角接触球轴承摩擦力矩特性研究

Frictional Torque Characteristic of Angular Contact Ball Bearings

在角接触球轴承动力学和热力学分析基础上,利用能量守恒定律,建立角接触球轴承摩擦力矩理论计算公式,并对角接触球轴承的结构参数、工况参数与摩擦力矩的关系进行理论分析和试验验证。分析与试验结果表明,轴承低速工作时较大的内沟曲率半径系数有利于角接触球轴承摩擦力矩的降低,高速工作时较小的内沟曲率半径系数有利于轴承摩擦力矩的降低;轴承低速工作时较大的外沟曲率半径系数有利于角接触球轴承摩擦力矩的降低,中速时较小的外沟曲率半径系数有利于轴承摩擦力矩的降低,高速时较大的外沟曲率半径系数有利于轴承摩擦力矩的降低;过大、过小的保持架引导间隙都不利于角接触球轴承摩擦力矩的降低,存在一个合理的保持架引导间隙,使得角接触球轴承摩擦力矩最小;当角接触球轴承低速工作时方柱型直兜孔保持架有利于角接触球轴承摩擦力矩的降低,高速工作时圆柱直兜孔保持架有利于角接触球轴承摩擦力矩的降低。

Based on the dynamics and thermodynamic analysis of angular contact ball bearings,the theoretical computational formulae of the friction torque of angular contact ball bearings are obtained with the law of energy conservation.The theoretical analysis and the experimental verification for the effects of the structural parameters,operation condition on frictional torque of the angular contact ball bearings are presented.The results show that a big inner groove curvature radius coefficient is in favor of reducing the friction torque under low rotation speed,when the bearings work at high speed,a small inner groove curvature radius coefficient is better.A large outer groove curvature radius coefficient yields low friction torque in low or high speed operation,and a small one should be chosen for medium speed operation.It is unfavorable to reduce the friction torque of the angular contact ball bearings if the cage guiding clearance is oversize or undersize,and there is a reasonable cage guiding clearance to get the lowest friction torque.The square type cage pocket is better for the reduction of friction torque under low speed condition,and the straight cage pocket has advantages under high rotation speed condition.