组织工程支架快速成形技术研究现状

Research Situation of Rapid Prototyping Techniques Used for Tissue Engineering Scaffold

组织工程支架为细胞的增殖提供三维空间和新陈代谢的环境,并决定新生组织器官的形状与大小,其成形技术一直是组织工程的研究热点。组织工程支架的制备从技术方法角度来看,一般分为非快速成形制备法和快速成形(Rapid prototyping,RP)制备法,而RP制备法因其成形精度高、柔性大,逐渐取代传统的非快速成形制备法。系统地介绍目前研究较多的几种组织工程支架的RP技术,其中包括直接成形和间接成形的RP技术,并分析不同技术各自的成形材料、工艺流程、成形精度、应用范围以及优缺点。同时指出在组织工程中,RP技术现阶段的技术难点仍然是进一步增大材料广泛性、提高成形精度以及适应复杂支架结构,而未来的研究热点则是集中在对生物材料的直接成形与加工。

Tissue engineering scaffold provides three dimensional space and metabolic environment for cell proliferation.It also decides the shape and size of new tissues and organs.The scaffold＇s forming technology has always been a hot spot in tissue engineering research.From the perspective of technological methods,the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffold can be divided into non-rapid prototyping method and rapid prototyping（RP） method.And RP method gradually replaces the traditional non-rapid prototyping method for its higher precision and flexibility.Several updated RP technologies are described,which are used for tissue engineering scaffold,including direct and indirect RP technologies,and their materials,processes,precision,applications,advantages and disadvantages are compared and analyzed.Meanwhile,it is pointed out that the technological difficulties are to expand the range of material,improve the precision,adapt to complex scaffold structure,and the future hot spot will focus on forming and processing the biomaterials directly.