抗虫转基因植物的研究进展及前景

Advances and Prospects of Research on Insect\|resistant Transgenic Plants

虫害对农业生产的危害日益严重。目前对害虫的防治主要依赖于化学药物，但化学药物的副作用不容忽视。利用植物基因工程获得抗虫转基因植物是更具前景的途径。目前主要利用的抗虫基因是苏云金杆菌的δ－内毒素基因和植物来源的抗虫基因（如蛋白酶抑制剂基因、淀粉酶抑制剂基因、凝集素基因等），各种抗虫基因在转基因应用中各有其优缺点，如苏云金杆菌δ－内毒素基因在植物中表达水平低。随着抗虫转基因植物在大田中的应用，昆虫的抗性或适应性问题也随之产生。

The world's crop damage inflicted by insect predation is becoming more and more obvious.Conventional control of insect pests mainly depends on the use of chemically synthesized insecticides.However the byeffect of these synthetic chemicals have been the major concerns regarding the longterm and massive use of them.Plant genetic engineering of insect resistance into crops offers a promising opportunity to reduce insect damage with several advantages over chemical insecticides.Insect\|resistant genes chiefly involve δ endotoxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis and plant\|derived genes such as enzyme inhibitor genes and lectin genes,each of which has its advantages and defects.When transgenic crops were put in field trials insect demonstrated a high capacity to develop resistance to some insecticides.This problem must be solved.\;