临沂市冰雹气候及雷达特征分析

Analysis on the Hail Climate and Radar Characteristics in Linyi City

[目的]研究临沂市冰雹气候及其雷达特征。[方法]选取沂蒙山区中的蒙阴、沂水、临沭、苍山、临沂5站为代表站点(以下统称临沂市),从冰雹的路径、天气形势及影响系统等方面对1965～2008年发生在各站的6月份40次冰雹天气过程进行了统计分析,研究临沂市冰雹天气过程的典型天气形势和物理结构特征;并在此基础上对2003～2008年冰雹过程进行新一代天气雷达特征统计分析,探讨该市冰雹发生的气候指标和雷达数据特征指标及雷达观测特征。[结果]影响临沂市降雹的天气系统有蒙古冷涡型、东移小槽型、西北气流冷温度槽型等。降雹前6 h地面图上山东省范围内有小低压、冷锋或风切变线(气流辐合场),其对强对流降雹的发生、发展具有"触发"和"发展"作用。500 hPa低涡后小槽的加入一般有西部小槽补充型、涡前气流场辐散、涡后小槽南摆型3种形式。当垂直液态含水量从无或很小迅速增加至40 kg/m2以上时,有可能产生冰雹天气;不同的月份,当对流云体的回波强度>50 dBz,初始回波高度>5km,且其顶高和强中心高度达到一定高度时,有可能产生冰雹天气。雷达径向速度图上中尺度对流系统底层辐合高层辐散的特征表现明显,在中层1.5°和3.4°仰角上对流风暴单体垂直方向上存在剧烈的风切变。[结论]该研究为此类天气分析和预报提供一定的参考价值。

[Objective] The research aimed to study the hail climate and radar characteristics in Linyi City.[Method] The five representative stations which were Mengyin,Yishui,Linshu,Cangshan,Linyi and were collectively called as Linyi City in Yimeng mountain area were selected.From the hail path,weather situation and influence system,the 40 times hail weather processes which happened in every station in June during 1965-2008 were carried out the statistics analysis.The typical weather situation and physical structure characteristics in the hail weather process in Linyi City were studied.On this basis,the statistical analysis on the new generation weather radar characteristics in the hail process during 2003-2008 was carried out.The climatic index of hail occurrence,the characteristic index of radar data and the radar observation characteristic in the city were discussed.[Result] The weather systems which affected the hail shooting in Linyi City were Mongolia cold vortex type,eastward shift small trough type,northwest airflow cold temperature trough type and so on.On the ground chart before hail shooting 6 h,there were the small low pressure,cold front or wind shear line（airflow convergence field） in Shandong Province.They had the ＂trigger＂ and ＂development＂ effects on the occurrence and development of strong convection hail shooting.The joining of small trough in the rear of 500 hPa low vortex had three forms that were the west small trough supplementary type,the airflow field divergence in front of vortex and the small trough southward swing in the rear of vortex in general.When the vertical liquid water content quickly increased from zero or the small amount to above 40 kg/m2,it was possible to generate the hail weather.In the different months,when the echo intensity of convective cloud body 50 dBz,the initial echo height 5 km,and the crown elevation,strong center height reached the certain height,it was possible to generate the hail weather.On the radar radial velocity chart,the characteristic of meso-scale convective system that the bottom layer was the convergence,and the high layer was the divergence was obvious.At 1.5° and 3.4° elevations in the middle layer,there was the strong wind shear in the vertical direction of convective storm monomer.[Conclusion] The research provided the certain reference value for the analysis and forecast of this kind of weather.