物权担保竞合时效力位阶的法理解析——兼论《担保法司法解释》第79条

Study on Prior Sequence of Multiple Guarantee Real Right That Concurrence in the Same Property:And on Article 79 of "Guarantee Law of Judicial Interpretation"

在同一标的物上设定多个担保物权而发生竞合时,各担保物权的效力位阶状态,在担保法理论上是一重要而困难的问题,同时因中国相关立法缺憾,已成担保实务的严重障碍。文章从抵押权与质权竞合、抵押权与留置权竞合、质权与留置权竞合的三种形态入手,将担保物权设定的时间先后作为解析问题的逻辑要件,充分且谨慎地考量动产担保物权登记、标的物占有等情形,以物权法基本理论为论证逻辑基点,较翔实地剖析了物权担保竞合时效力位阶。主张将来立法时应基于设定优先原则、占有优先原则、登记优先原则等来确定担保物权竞合时效力位阶。

It is an important and difficult issue in theory of Guarantee Law to set the prior sequence when multiple guarantee real right being concurrence in the same property.Also,it became a serious obstacle due to deficiency of relevant legal system in China.Base this paper on three different concurrence condition of mortgage and pledge,mortgage and lien,pledge and lien,analyzing to set time of guarantee real right,to regiser right,to occupy property,according to the fundamental theory of Real Law,this paper discreetly analyzes the prior sequence when multiple guarantee real right being concurrence in the same property.The author recommends that prior sequence should be set based on the principle of setting priority,principle of register priority,principle of occupy priority in the future legislation when concurrence of multiple guarantee real right.