周代“养老乞言”礼与《诗经·小雅》部分诗篇创作的关系

Relationship between the "Endowment and Begging Good Words" Ritual of Zhou and the Creation of Some Poems of "XiaoYa"

《诗经·小雅》部分诗篇是因周礼而作,是周礼的文化产物。以周礼为背景对这些诗篇加以对照考查,可以揭示诗篇创作的本义、本事,从中窥视《诗》与礼的关系,纠正一些关于这些诗篇的误解。"养老乞言"礼是周礼中的重要礼节,是周天子为父兄辈而设的一种"乞善言"的礼仪;与之相应,《诗经·小雅》中《鹿鸣》《常棣》《伐木》等诗篇是诗人据"养老乞言"礼而作。

The partial poems of ＂XiaoYa——a section in The Book of Songs＂,as the cultural heritage,were written for the ritual of Zhou.Taking the ritual as the background to examine these poems may reveal the reality of creation of these poems,the original meaning of these poems,and the relationship between The Book of Songs and the ritual,and may also correct some misunderstandings about these poems.As the Zhou＇s important etiquette,the endowment and begging good words ritual was set by Zhou＇s Emperor for his father and brothers.Accordingly,poems such as＂Deer＇s Bellowing＂,＂Changdi——brotherhood＂ and ＂Lumbering＂ etc.were written based on the endowment and begging good words ritual.