云南个旧锡矿山地质环境模型

Geological Environment model of the Gejiu Stannum Ore in Yunnan

文章以重金属元素为研究对象,在系统野外采样与分析工作的基础上,给出了云南个旧锡矿山的地质环境模型。影响环境的因素有:个旧原生矿床富含多金属硫化物,氧化后易生成酸;碳酸盐可以消耗硫化物氧化所产生的酸并可防止金属的迁移。矿山开发之前由矿床向环境释放的元素重量,Cu为1.21万吨、Pb为7.0万吨、Cd为101.91吨、As为1.2万吨、Sn为2.33万吨。总体上个旧矿区水的环境质量较好。土壤环境则受矿山采-选-冶活动的影响,在卡房、牛屎坡、云锡二冶等地重金属元素严重超标,比对照区和国家三级土壤标准高出许多倍,云锡集团冶炼厂的烟囱排尘为重金属的重要污染源之一。牛坝荒尾砂库复垦之后,显示下伏尾砂对上覆的土壤有一定的影响。

Based on systematic sampling and analysis of heavy metal elements,this study built a geological environmental model for the Gejiu stannum ore in Yunnan.Factors affecting environment include：polymetallic sulfides in the Gejiu primary mineral easily give the birth to acid due to oxidation;carbonate can consumes acid result from process of oxidation of sulfide and stop transfer of metals and etc.Tonnage of the metals discharged to the surrounding areas before mining is：12100 tons of Cu,70000 tons of Pb,101.96 tons of Cd,12000 tons of As,and 23300 tons of Sn,indicating that the Gejiu area enjoyed a quality environment.Influenced by the mining,dressing and smelting,the soil quality has been worsen by heavy metals in the study areas such as Kafang,Niushipo,and Yunxi,which are several time higher than the state standard of class C land.Dust emission of refining works of Yunxi Group has become one of the main pollution sources of heavy metals.Therefore,tailing will have some effect on overlying surface soil after recultivation of tailing reservoir in Niubahuang.