环境领域的公众参与:一种类型学的分析框架

Public Participation in Environmental Area:An Analytical Framework of Typology

环境领域中的公众参与可分为四种类型,即个人体制内参与、个人抗议型参与、群体抗议型参与和社会团体参与。它们在参与者动机、参与方式以及效果等方面都存在明显差别。社会团体和群体抗议型参与这两种类型值得重视,它们体现出当前环境参与的特点。社会团体与政府的冲突程度较弱,开始发挥政策倡导功能;群体抗议型参与的冲突程度较强,主要具有维权特点。

Public participation in environment area can be classified into four modes, that is, institutionalized individual participation, individual protests, collective protests and social organization＇s participation, which are different from each other regarding the dimensions of participant＇s motivations, the methods and the outcomes of participation. Social organizations and collective protests should be emphasized since they reflect current environmental participation. Social organizations, trying to avoid conflicts with government, begin to play a role in policy advocacy. However, collective protests have much greater confrontations and mainly try to protect their rights.