不同生态条件对玉米田间小气候和产量的影响

Effects of Ecological Conditions on The Microclimate of Corn Fields and Yield of Corn

为探索玉米高产群体的小气候特征，通过对不同生态条件下玉米主要生育阶段田间小气候的观测分析表明，毕节高海拔地区播种密度在３３３３～４４４４株／（６６７ｍ２），玉米生长发育关键时期（大喇叭口－抽雄吐丝）的田间小气候随密度增加更为适合玉米生长发育及产量形成，特别是４４４４株／（６６７ｍ２）这一密度群体结构最为合理，株间温度为２２～２３℃，相对湿度为８５％左右，对太阳辐射能吸收能力强，反射损失少，气候资源的利用率较高，玉米实产５２２．２３ｋｇ／（６６７ｍ２），马铃薯、玉米套作复合产量达６７６．５８ｋｇ／（６６７ｍ２），相对于其它密度能获得较佳的生态环境和经济效益。

Microclimate characteristics of high yield colonial structure of corn were studied by observing and analysing of the meteorological data of the main growing period of corn in the fields. The results show that the field microclimate in the critical growing period of corn plants with density of 3333￣4444/(667m 2), especially 4444/(667m 2) was more favorable for corn plant growth and yield increase. Under this condition of colonial structure, the temperature between plants is 22￣23℃ and the relative humidity is about 85%, the solar radiation is absorbed better, the lose of reflex radiation is less and the utilization rate of climate resources is more disirable. In the condition of corn plant density at 4444/(667m 2), the grain yield of 522.23kg/(667m 2) and the overal yield(corn and potato) of 676.58kg/(667m 2) were gained, the economical and ecological benefits are also desirable.