螺吡喃化合物在分析化学中的应用

Applications of Spiropyran Derivatives in Analytical Chemistry

螺吡喃作为一种有机光致变色化合物,能够发生无色闭环体螺吡喃与有色开环体部花菁之间可逆的结构异构化,由于具有特殊的分子识别能力和信号传导功能,已经成为分子探针领域极具吸引力的主体分子之一。螺吡喃不仅被广泛应用于光电材料领域作为分子器件,而且作为传感器广泛应用于分析化学领域。研究者们设计了多种具有不同结构的螺吡喃分子,将其应用于光化学和电化学传感领域。本文系统综述了螺吡喃化合物在分析化学领域的研究进展,包括螺吡喃作为光学探针在分子识别(对金属离子、阴离子及有机分子的定性及定量分析)方面的应用,以及螺吡喃在电化学免疫传感器中的应用。

piropyrans,an important class of photochromic compounds that undergo reversible structural isomerization between a colorless spiropyran form and a colored merocyanine,are an attractive starting point in constructions of molecular-level devices with molecular recognition function and signal transduction ability due to their unique molecule binding ability and signal transduction function.The merocyanine may interact with their environment（solvent or matrix） leading to different photochromic responses.By exploiting such characteristics,spiropyrans have been employed not only in materials chemistry for molecular switches,but also in analytical chemistry as molecular sensors.During the past decades,a number of receptors possessing diverse spiropyran skeletons have been designed and utilized for optical sensing of metal ions,some for neutral molecules,such as nucleobases,amino acids,peptide and DNA,and a few for anions.Some work has also been done in eletrochemical sensing using spiropyran-modified electrode.This review summarizes the progress in the study of spiropyran derivatives in analytical chemistry,including their application as spectroscopic sensors for metal ions,anions and organic molecules,and also the application of spiropyran in electrochemical immuno-sensor.Traditional spiropyran derivatives containing crown ether moieties or —NO2 group,and special kinds of spiropyrans like bis-spiropyran which is more super in binding selectivity,are discussed in detail.