FDI对广东外贸商品结构和产业竞争力的影响

Impact of FDI on Commodity of Foreign Trade Structure and Industry Competitiveness of Guangdong

在定性分析广东外贸商品结构特征的基础上,采用贸易均衡贡献指数和面板数据模型,量化评估外贸行业的比较优势,实证分析外商直接投资(FDI)对外贸商品结构及行业竞争力的影响。研究表明:广东FDI的二元结构对国内产业具有双重效应:一方面,出口导向型战略拉动了出口产业,实现了资本累积和就业创造;另一方面,以亚洲经济体为主导的投资特征使广东事实上成为亚洲发达经济体冲击国际市场的跳板,但因技术溢出少而不利于本地区产业结构的提升。当务之急是要培育企业吸收技术外溢并使之内生化的能力,引导外资投向资本-技术密集型产业和具有比较优势的产业,鼓励合资或合作研发。

Based on a qualitative analysis of the characteristics of Guangdong commodity of foreign trade structure, this paper empirically compares the impact of foreign direct investment （FDI） on commodity of foreign trade structure and industry competitiveness by utilizing trading equilibrium contribution index and panel data model. It shows that the dual structure of FDI in Guangdong has double effect on domestic industries. On one hand, the export-oriented strategy wheels the development of export-oriented industries, accomplishing capital accumulation and job creation. On the other hand, the feature of Asian economies-dominated investment actually makes Guangdong a platform for Asian developed economies to influence international market, which is not helpful for local industry structure to upgrade due to little technology spillover. The government should urgently nurture local enterprises with technologies absorptive capacity, guide foreign investment toward capital-tech intensive industry or import-competitive sector with comparative advantage, and encourage joint investment or corporate R＆D activities.