千岛湖姥山林场森林群落下层小气候特征与气候舒适度研究

A STUDY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROCLIMATE IN DIFFERENT FOREST COMMUNITIES AND THEIR CLIMATE COMFORT DEGREE

对千岛湖姥山林场6种不同类型森林群落内的气温、相对湿度、风速和光量子等小气候因子进行同步监测,探讨了不同森林群落类型的小气候特征以及天然森林群落和人工森林群落在生态功能方面的差异。研究结果表明:1).人工森林群落杨梅茶园和柏木群落下层累计光量子密度分别为454.6μmol.m-2.s-1和424μmol.m-2.s-1,远大于青冈木荷(196.6μmol.m-2.s-1)、青冈苦槠(280.6μmol.m-2.s-1)、苦槠石栎(260.6μmol.m-2.s-1)、马尾松(125.2μmol.m-2.s-1)4种天然森林群落;2).天然森林群落9月平均气温28.1℃,低于人工森林群落2.7℃,平均相对湿度为80.95%,高出人工森林群落11.6%;3).人工森林群落气候舒适等级持续时间仅1h,而4种天然群落舒适等级持续时间分别在5h^9h之间,其中苦槠石栎群落在全天所测的9个时段内,气候等级均属舒适。因此,天然森林群落在遮荫、降温增湿等调节小气候因子变化幅度以及改善气候舒适度方面优于人工森林群落。

According to the research about the air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and quantum synchronization on 6 different types of forest communities of Laoshan Forest farm in Thousands islands , the characteristics of microclimate in different forest communities and the climate comfort degree between natural forest communities and artificial forest communities were discussed in this paper. The results showed that ： 1 ）. The density of Light quantum in the communities of Myrica rubra - Camellia sinenais and Cupressus funedri was 454.6μmol·m^-2·s^-1 and 424μmol·m^-2·s^-1 respectively,which were more higher than that in the communities of Cyclobalanopsis chungli -Schima superba （ 196.6μmol·m^-2·s^-1 ）, Cyclobalanopsis chungli - Castanopsis seleroph ylla （280.6μmol·m^-2·s^-1 ） ,Castanopsis sclerophylla Lithocarpus glabra （260.6μmol·m^-2·s^-1 ） and Pinus massoniana （ 125.2μmol·m^-2·s^-1） . 2）. Mean air temperature in the natural forest in September was 28. 1℃ which was lower than that in artificial forest by 2.7℃, mean relative humidity in the natural forest in September was 80.95% which higher than that in artificial forest 11.6% ; 3 ）. The dura- tion of climate comfort degree at daytime in artificial forest communities was only lhr,while the natural forest communities lasted for 5 -9hr, and the duration of climate comfort degree of Castanopsis sclerophylla - Lithocarpus glabra lasted for 9hr. It is concluded that the natural forest showed better ecological function than article forest for shading, cooling and increasing humidity and improving the climate comfort degree.