我国科研不端行为惩戒制度缺失论析

Loss of Disciplinary System for Research Misconduct in China

我国科研不端行为惩戒制度存在的主要问题是惩戒制度没有遵循平衡的理念;科研不端行为界定不统一、构成要件欠缺、没有区分道德和法律两个规则体系中相同用语的不同含义;缺少对惩戒组织相互配合协作、相互监督制衡及案件管辖的规定;缺少统一的正当的科研不端行为惩戒程序;惩戒责任的立法没有搞清法律主体之间的不同法律关系;应该建立具有法定效力的科研人员行政申诉制度并对科研不端行为人予以司法救济。未来的科研不端行为惩戒立法应该以国务院制定专门的《科研诚信监督管理条例》为重点,构建行政法律、民事法律、刑事法律为一体,与科研共同体的内部规范相协调的惩戒规则体系。

The current disciplinary system for research misconduct in China has such problems as necessity of following the balance concept,different definitions of research misconduct,loss of rules for cooperation and supervision among disciplinary organizations,loss of proper disciplinary procedure,unclear legal relationships among subjects of law,and necessity of the legally binding administrative appeal system.The new disciplinary system for research misconduct should be based on The Regulations on Supervision and Management of Research Integrity by the State Council,combine administrative law,civil law and criminal law and be in accordance with the internal regulations of research communities.