20世纪中国新诗中“祖国”意象的演变

Motherland Image Evolution in Chinese Free Verse of the 20th Century

"祖国"(或"中国")是二十世纪中国诗歌中常见的一个意象,由于二十世纪中国命运的坎坷多变,诗歌中"祖国"意象的内涵也与时俱变。清末诗歌中的祖国是山河破碎、神州陆沉;五四的祖国是"涅槃的凤凰"、"少年中国"、"如花的祖国";二、三十年代的中国是"噩梦挂着悬崖"的"一沟绝望的死水";抗战期间的祖国是被"寒冷封锁着的中国"、布满"血和泥"的中国;解放后的伟大祖国,是雄伟的"天安门"、鲜艳的"五星红旗"和伟大领袖;新时期以来的祖国,其内涵丰富多彩,既是"河边破旧的老水车",也是"绯红的黎明",欣欣向荣的"脚手架"和"铁道线",又是"语言和乱石投筑"的精神家园;在海外华人眼中,祖国则是"专泊中国人乡音"的"唐人街"、几千年灿烂文化"悲慈苦苦哺出"的"白玉苦瓜"。

In Chinese free werse of the 20th century,＂the motherland＂（or＂China＂）is a common image,as a result of China’s destiny ups and downs in 20th century,＂mother land’s＂image connotation in free poetry also changes.By the end of Qing Dynasty,motherland was the mountains and rivers broken as well as Chinese territory overrun and occupied by the enemy;During May Forth Movement,motherlan is＂the nirvana phoenix＂,＂youth China＂,＂motherland like flower’s＂;During 1920’s and 1930’s China is＂the nightmare hanging from cliff＂,＂a ditch despairs stagnant water＂;During Sino-Japanese War,motherland is＂coldly blocking China＂,covers entirely by＂the blood and the muds＂;After the liberation,great motherland is grand＂Tian’an men＂,the bright＂Five-Starred Red Flag＂and the great leader;Since the new time,motherland’s connotation has been richly colorful,not only＂riverside worn-out old waterwheel＂but also＂the crimson daybreak＂,prosperous＂scaffold＂and＂railway line＂＂the language and the quarry stone throw build＂the spiritual home;In overseas Chinese eyes,motherland is＂specially anchors of Chinese local accent＂＂the Chinatown＂,several millennium bright cultures＂sad kind nurses with hardship＂＂the Baiyu balsam pear＂.