处理厨余垃圾的高温菌剂研制及其降解性质研究

Development and study of the thermophilic microbial agent for disposing the food waste and its degradation properties

利用高温菌耐热嗜热的特性和有机物好氧分解的基本原理,从厨余垃圾处理系统中分离筛选到6株在65℃能产生淀粉酶、脂肪酶、蛋白质酶及纤维素酶的高温高效菌种.经鉴定,所分离得到的高温菌株都有芽孢,属于兼性细菌.经安全性检测6株高温菌中未检测到沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌等致病菌,说明分离到的高温菌不存在致病性因素.通过最佳菌株组合后对厨余垃圾进行降解试验,最终确定4株(HB1,HB2,HB4和HB6)制成高温菌剂.将该菌剂在100kg厨余垃圾处理机上进行降解试验,结果表明:一次性投入5%菌剂后升温至65℃,24h内对厨余垃圾中粗脂肪和粗纤维有明显的降解效果,降解效率分别为30.7%和11.3%,粗蛋白含量增加了9.5%.继续对厨余垃圾处理48h,其有机物分解率几乎没有得到提高,说明大部分有机物在24h内即可被分离出的高温菌剂所降解.

Six strains of thermophilic high-efficient bacteria with amylase,lipase,protease and cellulase activity at 65℃were isolated,purified and screened from food waste treatment system by using its thermostable and thermophilic characteristics and the basic principle of aerobiotic decomposition of organic compound.Pathogens,such as salmonellsa and shigella,were not found in security detection on the six strains,indicating the thermophilic bacteria isolated from patho- genic factors do not exist.With the disposing experiment of food waste,four thermophilic strains （HB1,HB2,HB4 and HB6）with high disposing efficiency for food waste were selected and produced for the thermophilic microbial agent.After being tested on the 100-kg disposing machine of food waste,the thermophilic microbial agent showed significant disposing efficiency on crude fat and crude fiber in food waste within 24 hours.When 5%thermophilic microbial agent was administrated at temperature up to 65℃,the degradation efficiency for crude fat and crude fiber was 30.7%and 11.3%,respectively.The crude protein content has increased 9.5%.The degradation efficiency was remained stable following a 48-hour test,demonstrating its rapid degradation ability on organic compound within 24 hours.