六种共栖蝙蝠的回声定位信号及翼型特征的比较

Comparisons of echolocation calls and wing morphology among six sympatric bat species

本研究于2006年5～8月在桂林市七星公园七星岩洞进行,比较分析了共栖2科(蹄蝠科和蝙蝠科)6种共75只蝙蝠的回声定位信号和翼型特征。普氏蹄蝠的回声定位叫声为短而多谐波的CF/FM型,主频率为61.2±0.8kHz,具有高翼载、低翼展比和中等翼尖指数;大蹄蝠的回声定位叫声为单CF/FM型,主频率为68.6±0.7kHz,具有高翼载、低翼展比和中等翼尖指数;中蹄蝠的回声定位叫声为单CF/FM型,主频率为85.2±0.5kHz,具有中等翼载、低翼展比和中等翼尖指数;高颅鼠耳蝠的回声定位叫声为长带宽的FM型,主频率为50.7±3.8kHz,具有低翼载、中等翼展比和低翼尖指数;大足鼠耳蝠回声定位叫声为FM型,主频率为39.9±3.2kHz,具有中等翼载、低翼展比和高翼尖指数;绒山蝠回声定位叫声为短而多谐波的FM型,主频率为49.0±0.4kHz,具有高翼载、中等翼展比和低翼尖指数。经单因素方差分析表明,6种蝙蝠之间绝大部分的形态和声音参数差异显著(One-wayANOVA,P<0.05)。以上结果说明,6种同地共栖蝙蝠种属特异的回声定位叫声和形态结构体现出了相互之间的生态位分离,从而降低了种间竞争压力,使得6种蝙蝠能够同地共存。

During May to August 2006,we studied the echolocation calls and wing morphology of six sympatric species of bats which belong to Hipposideridae and Vespertilionidae in Qixing Cave,Guilin City.Hipposideros pratti produces short CF/FM calls which mainly contain three harmonics,and has high wing loading,low aspect ratio and average wing tip shape index.H.armiger produces single CF/FM calls,and has high wing loading,low aspect ratio and average wing tip shape index.H.larvatus produces single CF/FM calls,and has average wing loading,low aspect ratio and average wing tip shape index.Myotis siligorensis produces long bandwidth calls that are usually single FM sweep,being the smallest of these bat species with low wing loading,low aspect ratio and average wing tip shape index.M.ricketti produces single FM calls,and has average wing loading,low aspect ratio and high wing tip shape index.Nyctalus plancyi produces three harmonics short FM calls,and has high wing loading,average aspect ratio and low wing tip shape index.Most morphological and call parameters among these six bat species were significantly different（P 0.05） with One-Way ANOVA method.These results indicated that these six sympatric bat species were highly adapted to different foraging strategies and habitats which was also correlated with the significant differentiation of species-specific echolocation calls and external morphological characteristics.The present work demonstrated that niche partitioning occurred among these six bat species,which leads to decreases in the pressure of interspecies competition.Therefore,niche partitioning was the key mechanism for coexistence of these bat＇s community.