水面舰艇军人心理健康状况的调查分析

INVESTIGATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH STATUS OF SURFACE WARSHIP SOLDIERS

目的探讨水面舰艇军人心理健康状况及其与社会支持之间的关系。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90),对海军某水面舰艇部队200名男性士兵长期驻舰航行前后的心理状况进行评估,应用社会支持量表评估其社会支持情况,并与中国正常人常模及男性军人常模分进行比较。结果水面舰艇军人出航前SCL-90中强迫、抑郁和偏执因子分显著高于中国正常人常模(t=2.416~4.800,P<0.05、0.01),而人际关系敏感、焦虑、恐惧和精神病性因子分均显著低于中国正常人常模(t=3.676~10.154,P<0.01);除了人际关系敏感因子分之外,SCL-90总分及其他各因子分均较男性军人常模分显著降低(t=4.378~8.483,P<0.01)。返航后水面舰艇军人SCL-90总分、躯体化、焦虑、恐惧和精神病性因子得分均明显高于出航前(t=2.085~3.837,P<0.05、0.01)。相关分析显示,水面舰艇军人SCL-90总分及各因子分均与社会支持利用度呈负相关(r=-0.432^-0.289,P<0.05);除强迫因子分外,SCL-90总分及其他各因子分均与主观支持呈负相关(r=-0.284^-0.172,P<0.05),抑郁、恐惧、精神病因子分与客观支持呈负相关(r=-0.200^-0.156,P<0.05)。结论相对于全国男性军人,被调查水面舰艇军人的心理健康水平好。建立良好的社会支持系统尤其是主观的支持,会使官兵在特殊环境下保持较好的心理健康状态。

Objective To investigate the mental health status of male soldiers before and after long-term voyage,and its association with social support. Methods The Symptom Check List 90（SCL-90） and Social Support Rating Scale（SSRS） were applied to evaluate 200 warship male soldiers for their mental status before and after long-term sailing.The result was compared with Chinese normal norm and male-soldier norm. Results Compared with normal Chinese norm,the scores of obsession,depression and paranoid factors of the water-surface soldiers surveyed were dramatically higher（t=2.416-4.800;P〈0.05,0.01）,but the scores of sensitive interpersonal relationship,fear,anxiety and psychotic factor were significantly lower（t=3.676-10.154,P〈0.01）.The total scores of SCL-90 and other factors were markedly lower than that of male-soldier norm,except the sensitive factor of interpersonal relationship（t=4.378-8.483,P〈0.01）.After returning to base,their total SCL-90 scores and scores of somatization,anxiety,fear,and psychotic factors were higher than before getting to sail（t=2.085-3.837,P〈0.01）.A correlation analysis showed that the total SCL-90 and other factors score of the soldiers were negatively correlated with the availability of social support（r=-0.432——0.289,P〈0.05）;the scores of SCL-90 and the other above factors were all revealed a negative correlation with the subjective support,with an exception of obsession（r=-0.284——0.172,P〈0.05）. ConclusionThe mental health level of the surface-warship soldiers surveyed is better than that of nationwide male soldiers.Establishing a favourable social support,subjective support in particular,enables officers and soldiers to keep a better mental status under a specific environment.