淡水龟科具闭壳结构龟类分类及系统进化研究进展

Research progress for turtles with hinge structure in Bataguridae from taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

闭壳龟类是淡水龟科(Bataguridae)中一群具有"闭壳"结构的水栖或半水栖龟类的总称,即腹甲的腹盾和胸盾之间以可动的铰链韧带相连,使背甲和腹甲可以全部或部分闭合,它们是盒龟属(Cistoclemmys)、闭壳龟属(Cuo-ra)、锯缘龟属(Pyxidea)、齿缘龟属(Cyclemys)和果龟属(Notochelys),前4个属的龟类在中国均有分布。近几十年来,由于食用、传统中医药开发和宠物贸易的兴起,导致许多闭壳龟类野生物种数量急剧减少,并且当前许多亚洲闭壳龟的分类工作过多的依赖于市场购买的物种样本,这就使我们对闭壳龟属及种的归属划分变的较困难,因此对闭壳龟类物种种的界限的划分及属间系统发育关系的研究仍然是一个艰巨的挑战。通过对淡水龟科具有闭壳结构龟类的形态学研究,细胞遗传学研究以及分子系统学研究等进行了综述,以期为闭壳龟类的相关保护研究提供参考。

Within the Bataguridae（Geoemydidae）,kinetic plastral hinge between the petoral and the abdominal is observed in a special aquatic and semiaquatic turtles group which are Cistoclemmys,Cuora,Pyxidea,Cyclemys and Notochelys.Turtles of the first four genera are found in China.The greatest threat facing these turtles is over-exploitation for for food,traditional Chinese medicine,and the pet trade over the last two decades,as a consequence,many species are extremely rare in the wild,as well as the heavy past reliance on market-purchased specimens for taxonomic work,making population genetic or phylogeographic analyses all but impossible,thereby,sorting out species boundaries and interspecific phylogenies remains a daunting challenge.This paper summarized the studies of turtles with hinge structure in Bataguridae derived from morphological,chromosomal,and molecular analyses with a view toward a conservation biology.