微生物细胞中的聚磷酸及研究方法

Polyphosphate in microorganism and its research methods

聚磷酸是一种由多个磷酸基通过高能磷酸键连接而成的线性聚合分子,存在于所有生物体中,具有重要的生理功能。由于缺少特异的研究方法,为聚磷酸代谢和生理功能的研究带来很大的困难。对迄今为止的相关文献进行了综述,主要介绍微生物细胞内的聚磷酸,其中包括参与生物合成和降解过程的几种重要的酶、聚磷酸生物学功能、胁迫作用下调节聚磷酸以及聚磷酸对基因表达的调控模型和工业应用;还从分离技术、定位技术、定量分析技术3个方面重点概述了聚磷酸的研究方法。

Polyphosphate,linked by ＂high-energy＂ phosphoanhydride bonds,is a linear polymer and presents in all organisms.Polyphosphate plays important roles in many metabolism processes.However,the lack of specific methods hinders the researches in the metabolism and functioning of polyphosphate.In this paper,the literature in this field was reviewed with main focus on the polyphosphate in microorganisms,including the key enzymes in biosnynthesize and decompose metabolisms-PPK,PPX,PPN,Polyp：AMP transferase;the functions,the regulation and hypothetical model of polyphosphate functioning on gene expression under stress conditions;and industrial application.The techniques in the research of polyphosphate,from separation and extraction,localization and quantitative analysis of polyphosphate were emphasized.