三峡工程1998年防汛工作回顾

Review on 1998 Flood Protection at the Three Gorges Project

分析１９９８年汛期三峡坝址天气及水情情况，结合三峡工程挖填方量大、基坑多、高陡边坡多、地下洞室多、雷击高发区域广的特点，组织参与三峡工程建设的设计、施工、监理、通航管理、水文气象等单位，采取积极的防洪抢险措施，包括：明确工程渡汛标准；健全渡汛组织机构；充分做好渡汛准备；重视天气和水情预报．同时介绍了充分利用葛洲坝水利枢纽３次超高水位拦洪削峰支持荆江抗洪的情况，以及２００３年三峡水库初期调度运行方案．三峡工程建成后，将具有２２１５亿ｍ３的防洪库容，通过调度，可蓄洪约１５０多亿ｍ３，沙市水位可限制在４３５ｍ（１９９８年达４５２２ｍ），防洪效益十分显著．

Weather and flood situations in the Three Gorges Project(TGP) area during the 1998 flood season were analysed.To ensure the project security,the departments involved in the TGP including the departments of design, engineering construction,supervision,navigation management,and hydrological and meteorological services were mobilized and organized.According to the engineering characteristics of the TGP such as a huge amount of excavation and filling,a lot of foundation pits,high slopes and underground openings and chambers,and a vast area with a high rate of lightning strokes,corresponding measures were adopted,for example:formulating criterias for project security during the flood season,enhancing the organization of the project security,making full preparation for ensuring security of the project,and paying close attention to weather and flood prediction.Full use of Gezhouba Multipurpose Projoct was made during three high flood stages to retard flood and reduce flood peak with the aim to support Jinjiang people in their anti flood campaign.Forethermore,remarkable future flood protection effect of the TGP is introduced.A flood control capacity of 22.15 billon m 3 will be achieved.Through regulation,a flood storage of more than 15 billion m 3 is expected.The water stage at Shashi City would be controled below 43.5m (45.22m in 1998).