突发性能源短缺的应急体系研究

Study on Emergency System for Sudden Energy Shortage

世界范围内自然灾害等突发事件的增多趋势,使得应急管理成为一个重要而热门的研究领域。但是,关于突发性能源短缺应急体系的研究还很少。利用案例研究、统计分析和比较分析方法,本文研究了中国应对突发性能源短缺的应急体系。首先介绍了西方国家应对突发性石油短缺的基本经验,包括完善的应急法规体系、明晰的应急组织体系、有效的协同响应体系、庞大的应急储备体系;然后以中国2009年11月至2010年1月的突发性煤炭短缺为例,分析了其起因及其应急响应过程,并通过与西方国家应对突发性石油短缺的对比,指出了中国突发性能源短缺应急体系的不足,包括应急监测预警不力、应急响应的组织化、协同化、信息化程度不高、应急储备体系尚未建立、应急响应缺乏制度保障和政策依据等;最后从应急法规体系、应急预案体系、应急组织体系、监测预警体系、应急储备体系五个方面,提出了中国构建突发性能源短缺应急体系的基本构想。

Natural disasters and other emergencies are occurring in a increasing trend,making emergency management an important and popular field of study.However,studies on the emergency system of sudden energy shortage are still few.Using the methods of case studies,statistical analysis and comparative analysis,the paper studied the emergency system for sudden energy shortage in China.Firstly,the paper introduced emergency response system to the sudden oil shortage in Western countries,including improved emergency regulations,clear emergency organization system,effective collaborative response system,a large contingency reserve system.Secondly,taking the sudden coal shortage of China from November 2009 to January 2010 as an example,the paper analyzed its causes and the process of emergency response.Through the comparison with the emergency system to sudden oil shortage in Western countries,the shortcomings of the energy emergency system in China were pointed out,including the inadequate emergency monitoring,not high enough level of organization,coordination,and informatization,the emergency reserve system not yet being established,and the emergency response lacking institution and policy basis.Thirdly,for the five areas of the emergency regulations system,emergency plans system,emergency organizations system,monitoring and early warning system,and emergency reserve system,the basic idea of building the emergency system for sudden energy shortage were put forward.